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Outputs of the xD Reflect project are used in the Joint Research Project „Bidirectional Reflectance Definitions“  (BiRD) focuses on the pre-normative work to clarify measurements on surfaces exhibiting goniochromatism, gloss and sparkle visual effects.

The  Joint Research Project    “New quantities for the measurement of appearance“ (BxDiff) will involve defining the new quantities Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function (BTDF) and Bidirectional Surface Scattering Reflectance Distribution Function (BSSRDF), and further improving the measurements of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF).

The Joint Research Project xD Recflect „Multidimensional reflectometry for industry“ aimed to validate reliable optical measurements with traceability to the SI-system to describe the overall macroscopic appearances of modern surfaces. The duration of this project was from September 2013 to August 2016.

xD Reflect has developed new efficient measurement strategies and new standard artefacts that enable to industrials to characterize and control the visual appearance of the surfaces they produce. These measurement protocols are  correlated as much as they can to the human visual sensation.

The appearance of a product is frequently one of the most critical parameters affecting customer choice. For this reason, since 20 years, a lot of efforts have been conceded by the manufacturers to propose new and sophisticated visual effects, like metallic paintings, goniochromatism, deep matt finishes, sparkle effects or graininess for instance. The compilation of these visual attributes gives the appearance of the surface.